Vanuatu

Republic of Vanuatu, the state had in a southwest part of Pacific ocean on archipelago New Hebrides. The largest islands Espiritu Santo, Malekula, Ambrim, Efate. In total in archipelago about 80 islands a total area nearby 12,2  thousand sq. km. The population of Vanuatu compounds 165  tys the person (1996), in the core melanezijtsy. At cities bunks 18  population %. Official languages of Vanuatu - bislama (pidzhin), English and French. The majority of believers - christians (first of all presviteriane and anglikane). Administrative-territorial division of the country: 11 districts. State capital - the city of Port Vila on island Efate. In capital there lives 20 tys the person.

Vanuatu is included into the British commonwealth. According to the constitution of 1980 the head of the state is the president selected parliament for a period of five years. The parliament of Vanuatu - National assembly consists of 50 deputies selected the population for a period of four years. The executive power is carried out by the government led by the prime minister.

The Archipelago New Hebrides represents bunch mountainous (altitude to 1810  islands of a vulcanic parentage. On islands numbers about 60 burning mountains, including 10 acting. A climate New Gebrid the tropical wet. Monthly average temperatures compound 20-27  °s. Deposits falls out to 1000  mm a year. The bulk of islands is covered with wet tropical woods.

Islands have been open by the Spanish seafarer P.Kirosom in 1606. In the seventeenth century beginning on archipelago Portugueses were jolted. In the seventieth years of 18 centuries here has spent èññëåäîâàíèÿ  James Cook who has entitled islands New Hebrides. In 1906 New Hebrides became joint colonial possession (kondominiumom) to the Great Britain and to France . On July, 30th, 1980 independence of Vanuatu has been intoned.

The Basis of economy of Vanuatu - agriculture in which it is occupied 80 % of able-bodied population of the country. A main crop - a coconut palm; cultivate on islands also coffee, cocoa, a cotton plant, a yams, fruit, a chocolate arbour. Dilution of large horned stock and fishery educes. To Vanuatu there are only small factories on wood machining, effecting of articles of food, textile items. The deforesting is conducted. On island Efate manganous ore is got. Since 1988 on islands Malekula and Espiritu-Santu industrial extraction of diamonds, gold and silver has begun. On island Espiritu-Santu is available 200  km of roads with a firm coating, to Efate - 150 km. In Port Vila numbers seven and a half thousand cars. 40 % of cost of export of Vanuatu it is necessary on a copra and coconut oil. The basic foreign trade partners are Japan, Australia, New Caledonia. Annually Vanuatus attend 26  Thousand tourists. Country monetary unit - cotton wool.

To Vanuatu exclusive attention will give to questions education. In spite of the fact that the significant part of the population conducts a traditional primitive mode of life, 90 % of children study in an elementary school. Education for citizens free, 40 % of the State expenditure it is directed to education sphere.