Tajikistan

Republic Tajikistan - the state in the southeast of Central Asia, adjoining with Uzbekistan , Kirghizia , China and Afghanistan . Terrain - 143,1 thousand sq. km. The population (5705  thousand persons) consists of representatives of 80 nationalities: Tadjiks (62 %), Uzbeks (24 %), Russian (nearby 4 %), the tartar, Kirghiz, etc. the State language - Tadjik. Enters into the CIS. The majority of believers - Moslems-sunnity, but are numerous also Moslems-shiity and ismaility. Monetary unit - rouble. Capital - Dushanbe (582,4  thousand inhabitants), other large cities - Hudzhan, Kurgan Tyube, Kulyab, Khorog.

Almost all terrain of Tajikistan is occupied with mounts (about half of country lays at altitude from above 3000 , referring to to systems Tjan-Shanja, Gissaro-scarlet and Pamir (a climate - Communism peak, 7495 ) and divided by intermountain hollows and valleys (Fergana, Zeravshansky, Vahshsky, Gissarsky, etc.). At the big altitudes largest of which - icehouse Fedchenko (length 77  km numbers more than 11 thousand the icehouses). The terrain is very seismic: weak and average tremors are displaid annually. The main rivers of Central Asia originate in mounts of Tajikistan - Amu Darya, Zeravshan, Syr-Darya, Vakhsh. It is a lot of loches, from them the largest - Astrakhan, Sarezsky (depth more 500 ), JAshilkul, there is also a number of large conservation reservoirs.

The Climate continental: January temperatures in valleys fluctuate nearby 0 °, in high mountains are hauled down to-27 °C, July temperatures vary from 23 to 30 °C. Deposits on plains 150-300 mm a year, and above 1000 m above sea level - 700 mm and more (to 3000  mm fall out in high mountains).

The flora of Tajikistan - more 4,5  thousand is very rich aspects of plants. In a plant cover gate out 4 basic high-rise belts: dry steppes and semi-deserts in piedmonts, foliage forests (a walnut tree, an ash, maples and various bushes) with an admixing mozhzhevelovyh woods - to altitude 3000  m, picturesque meadow and steppe grass stands - to 3500  m, and above - petrous slopes with rare herbaceous vegetation. In droughty regions of Pamir tereskenovye and sagebrush deserts are lifted often to 3500-4500  m above sea level.

The fauna is not less diverse also: 84 aspects of mammals (a Middle Asian gazelle, a wolf, a hyena, a porcupine, a red deer, a wild boar, the cane cat, an archar, a mouflon, vintorogy and other goats, a snow leopard), 346 aspects of auks, 44 aspects of reptiles, more than 10 thousand aspects of hexapods. Many aspects are very rare and are guarded in reservations Ramit and Tigrovaja the Beam.

Among other people of Central Asia Tadjiks deposit ancient both history and rich crop (state Samanidov IX-X of centuries). In terrain of modern Tajikistan the ancient cities of Pendzhikent (known since VI century), Hodzhent are had, Ur-Tjube (and until now famous items of aboriginal masters-handicraftsmen), Isfara, Kanibadam, etc. Property of the Tadjik history and crop are also architectural monuments of cities of the next Uzbekistan (Samarkand, Bukhara, etc.). In the Tajikistan it is necessary to note such monuments, as the Gissarsky strong hold, mausoleum Hodzha Mashhad, Adzhina-Tepe with the rests of Buddhist monasteries VII-VIII of centuries. The medieval Tadjik poetry, the art of a book miniature saved and until now of tradition of handcrafts (an item from silver, carpets, woodcarving and to alabaster, an earthenware) are widely known.