the State in the northeast of the Central Asia. The square - 1566 thousand sq. km; the population - 2 million persons. Mongolia - one of the most sparsely populated countries (average density 1 person on 1 sq. and . More 90 population % Mongols and merged with them Turkic by origin compound the bunches speaking on dialects of the Mongolian tongue. Traditional religion - the Buddhism (a Lamaism). Capital - Ulan Bator.
Climate Ìîíãîëèè sharply continental, caused as remoteness from oceans, considerable absolute elevations (an average height above sea level - 1600), and disconnexion, thanks to mountain chains, from other parts of Asia. Rainfall falls out a little, mainly in the summer, in the form of rains. The big extent of terrain from the north on the south and a diversity of a landform have caused a diversity of an environment, consecutive change of natural belts and regions: high mountains, mountain-taiga, mountain steppes and wood, steppes, desert steppes and deserts. The belt of mountain steppes and wood is considered most favourable for human life.
On natural-economic features three economic-geographical regions - Central, East and Western deposit. On the Central region which is switching on half of all terrain of Mongolia and 2/3 its population, it is necessary 4/5 produced to an annual production. Here more than in other regions, it is reconnoitered and develops mineral deposits, main tracts of forest are concentrated and there is an overwhelming part of fund pahotnoprigodnyh lands.
the largest city of the country - capital Ulan Bator (former name Urga) before revolution of 1921 saved functions of a main sacred city of northern Mongolia. In him there were the largest and rich monasteries which were attent by numerous pilgrims. Now 537 thousand inhabitants bunks at capital. Near to the big noisy city there is mountain reservation Bogdo-Ula (the Mount Sacred) - edge kedrovo-listvennichnoj a taiga, granite rocks and silence, a place of a free habitation of beasts and auks. In an underfoot part of a mount, in deep green honeydews and on the bank of the Trinitrotoluene river sanatoria, rest houses, children's camp are builted, summer yurtas of townspeople-summer residents are put. Approximately in 400 km to the west of Ulan Bator, on the left I protect the rivers Orkhons, near cities Jara-Horina are conducted digging Karakoruma - capitals of the Mongolian empire of times chingisidov (ÕIII-ÕVI centuries). Nearby is first in Northern Mongolia and one of the largest Buddhist monasteries (ÕVI centuries), nowadays become by a known museum. Severo-to the west Jara-Horina, on shores of the river the Chultyn-goal, rock paintings of an epoch of a neolith and bronze are detected. Petroglyphic painting can be met and in a river Chulut canyon, and in desert giant Paleolithic workshops are Southern Gobi. In steppes it is possible to meet runicheskie steles - gravestone monuments Turkic kaganam and to commanders (VI-VIII centuries).
Among natural phenomena the mighty cataract in river Orkhon headwaters, where the river from altitude 24 m is most attractive collapses in a deep basaltic plateau; and in desert Gobis, near to spurs of a mountain of Gobijsky Altai, are the rare on globe of a cemetery of the fossil seasons jury and a chalk (120-70 million years ago).
Airline - the Russian airlines Moscow-Ulan Bator is in scheduled service Aeroflot to Mongolia on an itinerary.
Representation of airline Aeroflot - the Russian airlines in Ulan Bator: (976-1 320720, 323321, Ulan Bato UL., Cagdrv 15 Aeroflot, fax 323321.
