Kiribati

Kiribati, the state had on islands and atolls in the western part of Pacific ocean. The composition of Kiribati includes Gilbert islands (16 islands and atolls), Line islands or the Central Polynesian Sporades (8), islands the Phoenix (8) and island Banaba (were Oshen). Karitabi - mikronezijsky alternative of a pronunciation of the English name Gilbert. The country total area compounds 700  sq. km, the population - 78  thousand persons (1994), mainly Micronesias-kiribati. The official language of the country - speaks English, but all population also on tungaruanskom (kiribati) tongue. Two thirds of population protenstants-kongregatsionisty, the others - roman catholics. State capital - the city of Bajriki which has been had on attole Tarawa. In capital lives 29 thousand persons.

Karibati enters into the British commonwealth, but the head of the state is the president selected on four-year-old term. According to the constitution of 1979 the president cannot be selected on the post more than three times. The president personally supervises over job of the government of the country. Laws are accepted in unicameral parliament - meeting Chamber. The majority of deputies of parliament is selected democratic by for a period of four years.

Islands have been open in 1606 the Spanish seafarer P.Kirosom. 60-80 years of the eighteenth century were visited here by exploratory expeditions of Englishmen D.Byron, D.Gilbert, D.Marshalla. The name to Gilbert islands was given by Russian seafarer I.F.Krusenstern. Since 1892 of island were a part of British Empire. In 1977 of this terrain intrinsic self-management has been granted, and independence of Kiribati on July, 12th, 1979 has been intoned.

Kiribati the country rather poor, an economy basis compounds cultivation of a coconut palm, bananas, a taro, a breadfruit tree. Fishery educes. The industry is presented by the small handicraft factories on rehash of agricultural raw materials. In colonial times on island Banaba the deposit of phosphorites has been open, but in the seventieth years it is completely produced and in 1980 extraction is terminated. Now the island represents fruitless desert. Sechas 75 % of export receipts in the budget of Kiribati the copra supplies. The basic foreign trade partners: Australia , New Zealand , the Great Britain , Japan . Tourism is educed poorly, the country attend no more than one and a half thousand foreign tourists a year. Roads with a firm coating are available only on an atoll Tarawa (all 29  km). On islands it is registered about 2 thousand cars. In the capacity of monetary unit the australian dollar is used.