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Russia The Largest cities: St.-Petersburg, Nizhni Novgorod, Novosibirsk, Ekaterinburg, Samara, Chelyabinsk, Omsk, Perm, Kazan, Ufa. In terrain of Russia bunks more than 100 nationalities, including (on census of 1989): Russian - 81,5 %, Tatars - 3,8 %, Ukrainians - 3 %, Chuvashs - 1,2 %, the Bashkir - 0,9 %, Byelorussians - 0,8 %, mordvy - 0,7 %, Germans and Chechens - on 0,6 %, avartsev, Armenians, Jews - on 0,4 %, etc. Among religious faiths of the most numerous is orthodox. A number of the people traditionally practises Islam, the Buddhism, catholicism, a Judaism, etc. Russia was drew through from the western boundary lines to Pacific coast more than on 10 thousand km. Its terrain lays in 11 time zones. About 3/4 terrains of Russia occupy plains: in the northwest - East European in which limits low elevations (Privolzhsky, Central Russian, Valdai) combine with lowlands (Near-Caspian, Oksko-Don, etc.), and in the central part - Western-Siberian. They are divided by a range Urals Mountains. Between the rivers Yeniseis and Lena Central Siberian plateau with separate hills to 1701 is stretched; m. Mountain ranges predominate in the east and the country south. In the European part are ridges of northern slope of the Big caucasus. Here the climate of Russia - a mount Elbrus (5642 is had;. The mounts of the Southern Siberia which has been drawn through along southern boundary line of Russia switch on: Altai, Kuznetsk Ala Tau, Sayan mountains, mounts of Tuva, Pribaikalye, Transbaikalia and uplands Stanovogo. In the northeast of Siberia (the Verkhoyansk ridge, Cherskogo range), the Far East (Chukchi and Koryak uplands, Sikhote Alin) predominate srednevysotnye ridges. Along Pacific coast of the Far East the belt of young mounts of Kamchatka and Kuriles with active active volcanoes (the Kljuchevsky mound - 4750 lasts; m, Alaid - 2339). The Bulk of terrain of Russia lays in a moderate climatic belt; islands of Arctic ocean and northern continental regions lay in the arctic and subarctic belts; the Black Sea coast of caucasus is had in a subtropical belt. A climate almost everywhere continental, with cold winter at a long snow overlying strata and in the hot summer. The coldest place of northern hemisphere (with minimum temperature of January-68 °C) - the city of Oimyakon in the Eastern Siberia. In the south of the Far East a climate is moderate-monsoonal with average temperatures of January from 0 to-5 °C. The greatest precipitation falls out in mounts of caucasus and Altai (to 2000 mm a year), the most droughty region - Near-Caspian lowland (apprx. 150 mm of deposits a year). In Russia nearby 120 thousand rivers (length over 10 the km), the majority of them runs into the seas of basin of Arctic ocean: Sowing. Dvina, Pechora, Ob with Irtysh, Yenisei, Lena, Indigirka, Kolyma. The rivers of basin of Pacific ocean - the Cupid, Anadyr, Penzhina, etc. To Atlantic ocean run Don, Kuban, Neva. Volga running into Caspian sea, refers to to basin of an intrinsic flow. In the Russian Federation nearby 2 million fresh and salty loches. The largest - Caspian, Baikal, Ladoga, Onega. Bedrocks and vegetation on plains are replaced from the north with the south from arctic deserts and tundra to semi-deserts on Near-Caspian lowland and subtropical vegetation on coast of Black sea. Over half of terrain of Russia wood region occupies: a taiga, mixed forests, broad-leaved forests. In the Russian Federation it is created nearby 100 reservations and national parks, called to save oof and a diversity of an animal and flora, and also unique natural landscapes and installations (such, for example, as lake Baikal). |
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