Crop of Bulgaria

The Crop of the most ancient population of Bulgaria - Thracians had many the general lines with crop of other Mediterranean people, but at the same time had originality and has brought in the investment in a treasury antique and a world civilisation (a myth about Thracian singer Orfee, cult Dionisa - the god of wine growing and winemaking), original fresco and jeweller art). In V-VII centuries of our era on terrain of modern Bulgaria (at that time possession of the Byzantian empire) because of Danube were relocated slavonic nations. Historical sources of those times bear to peaceful co-existence of slavs and Thracians and gradual assimilation last in a slavonic ethnic generality.

By 680 year in the northeast of modern Bulgaria the slavjano-Bulgarian state led by the leader of the Protobulgarians who have come here - khan Asparuhom was issued. In 681 year it has been recognised by Byzantium and has gained the name Bulgaria. Slavonic nations and Protobulgarians managed a thousand-year cultural heritage of Thracians, Greeks, Romans and byzantians, however the further development of the Bulgarian civilisation has gone under the sign of slavonic language and cultural traditions. Itself etnonim Bulgarians already to IX century has variated pristine sense: it already was meant as the slavonic nationality which is distinct from ancient slavs, come because of Danube. In 865 year the Bulgarian prince Boris - has injected Christianity in the country and, being guided by idea of spiritual rallying of the nation, has chargeed to erect in then capital of Bulgaria - Pliske - the first Christian temples. Prince Boris has invited to Bulgaria pupils sacred Cyril and the Methodius which have brought with itself slavonic writing. Memory about sacred deeply reveres the Bulgarian people, noting every year on May, 24th Day of Cyril and the Methodius - a feast of the Bulgarian and all slavonic education and crop.

In the end of XIV century development medieval Bulgaria , become to one of the cultural centres of the slavonic world, has been for a long time interrupted osmanskim by irruption. Within almost five next centuries Bulgarians were exposed to a severe national oppression and violent islamizatsii. In these conditions of tradition of national crop, professional and religious traditions sustained mainly the monasteries often hidden in inaccessible mountain corners of the country. In 1762 outlet box Paisy Hilendarsky has created History slavjano-Bulgarian which was the first national call-up to lifting of the enslaved Bulgarian people, the traffic beginning for economic, social and cultural clearing. After clearing of sovereignty of osmanli Turks (1878) in the country the epoch of the Bulgarian Revival (XVIII-XIX centuries) which was accompanied by building of new monuments of architecture, has begun formation of the Bulgarian literature, discovering of educational institutions, revival of ancient national traditions, handcrafts and arts. Origin of national art and architectural style of Bulgaria can be referred to to IX-X to centuries, however its original blossoming is bound to an epoch of the Bulgarian Revival. There are the new public inhabited and cult constructions reflecting a new aesthetic and art ideal of this epoch.

The Traditional national crop of Bulgaria is very diverse. It has the features at the population of the Western Bulgaria, inhabitants of the Danube plain, Dobrudja, Balkan mountains, Thracian plain, Rodopsky edge. On the other hand, in architecture of an agricultural and urban building, national suits and kitchen, customs and ceremonials of different parts of the country much in common as at the heart of all cultural traditions the national East slavonic cultural seam lays, centuries educing on the Balkans.

The Big diversity a lay-out and architecture of the Bulgarian country dwelling differs. On plains of the dwelling more often one-storeyed, the right-angled, it is frequent with acting one room and graceful portico, obrazuemoj piles under an appentice. In dwelling mounts - in two, sometimes in three floors, with characteristic mushrooming of upper floors over socle, thus the dwelling bulk is occupied with a terrace or a light lobby. Dwellings, as a rule, were under construction of a stone in a combination to wood skeleton structures that gave them the special architectural ease. The Bulgarian villages, both on plain, and in mounts, have no accurate lay-out. Dwellings are paid by a front on a sunny side more often and place in the heart of a yard, however in closely erected buildings on mountain settlements of yards often are not present, and economic rooms take places directly in ground floors. Separate parts of the Bulgarian villages usually invaded related monogynopaediums that is reflectance rather characteristic for all social life of Bulgarians of tradition - a collectivism. As well as at other southern slavs, at Bulgarians a long time the big monogynopaedium (zadruga) and bunch of related monogynopaediums on a man's line (patronimija), entering in turn in rural community composition was saved.

Slavonic roots have also numerous folk customs which can be observed in modern agricultural Bulgaria: a present of bread-salt with a thyme and red wine (red colour - a health symbol), theft of a cock in a yard of the bride on the eve of wedding (a cock - a fertility symbol), a present of gifts and ceremonial bread (pity) to the neonatal baby and many other things.

The Special place occupy in Bulgaria numerous national feasts. Are Most popular and liked New year (Surva the time, it is literally - unripe, fresh year) with cheerful carnivals, procession rjazhenyh; a Shrove accompanied kukerskimi by plays (kukery - rjazhenye, dressed in original suits from the mutton skin with the occluded arabesque masks persons); Trifonov day (on February, 14th) to which sacramental of an undercut of a vine shoot and election of the tsar of the vineyards is bound, going back to a Thracian cult of the god of winemaking and fun Sabaziju (Dionisu). On March, 1st Bulgarians solemnly note ward of spring, to which honour give to all native and familiar well-known for the whole world martenitsy - graceful hand-made articles in the form of brushes from red and white threads. In the autumn, in a pore of harvesting and the merited rest, in the Bulgarian villages there pass cathedrals - populous cross-overs of relatives and fellow countrymen with cheerful feasts, songs, plays and walks.

One of typical lines of national character of Bulgarians is the sense of humour which is appreciated very much by inhabitants of any corner of the country. Townsmen of Gabrovo have especially become famous for it, giving thanks gabrovskim to the jokes which have gained popularity farly outside of Bulgaria.